Method and apparatus for recording series of motion



Dec. 22, 1931. c. R. BLUM 1,837,944

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING SERIES OF MOTION Filed Sept. 27, 19294 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 22, 1931. c. R M 1,837,944

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C. R. BLUM METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING SERIES OF MOTION FiledSept. 27, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 j/forzzey Dec. 22, 1931. c R U 1,837,944

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING SERIES OF MOTION Filed Sep t. 27,1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Dec 22, 1931 UNITED STA ES PATENT OFFICECARL ROBERT BLUM, 0F BERiLIN-SCHONEBERG, GERMANY METHOD AND'AIPIARATUSFOR RECORDING SERIES OF MOTION Application filed September 27, 1929,Serial No.

' metric, such a series of motion ought strictly to be understoodwhose-:periodic succession would be entirely uniform. Such series ofmotion however are very rare and in the art the motions will changefreely Within the limits of the existing laws. For that reason themetronomby Malzl has proved uselessf The present invention disclosesmeans for reproducing the series of motion in the same manner as theyoccurred originally. In order to avoid any mistake caused by thealternative use of the terms rhythm and metridit may be mentioned, thatin order to be able to record or fix and reproduce a series of motionstrue to nature, it is necessary to obtain the following three data:

(1) The commencement of a portion or unit of time of aseries of motionmust be determined, v I

(2) The duration of the portion of time,

i and (3) Whether the individual portion of time is accentuated or not.lVhen these data are obtained, the reproduction can be carried outaccording to the original of the series of motion. For that purpose theindividual portions are recogded upon continuous bands, but it must benoted that during their manufacture and reproduction the speed-ofreeling of said bands must always'be the same.

Even if the band is reeled oli' to its entire length at a varyingtempo," the original rhythm'will be maintained, for the relative periodbetween the individual elements of motion will be fixed .f After saidbands have been produced it is possibleto cause them to pass astationarypoint or mark of reference in order to utilize the signsrecorded thereon and to. read the original rhythm true -to nature and toreproduce it. Asthe rhythm can be reproduced accurately by means of395,722, and in Germany September 1, 1926.

music may be mentioned, although according to this invention any seriesof motion may be recorded. However, the novel features might become moreobvlous by way of some musical examples. For instance, an orchestra isproducing the music at the performance in a moving picture show, whichorchestra is conducted by the bandmaster insuch a way, that the tunesWill sound exactly at that moment, in which the corresponding note uponthe rhythmband being reeled ofi' simultaneously with the film, passes astationary point or mark of reference. It is immaterial whether oneseries of motion per se or rhythmically coupled series of motion arecon-- such a manner, thatthe three conditions re- Q ferred to above arediscerniblesimultaneously and unambiguously. L

The apparatus described hereinafter in principle is adapted both forthereproduction of rhythmbands and also for the manufacture thereof. Forthe manufacture mereto which the ly a removable Writing device formarking the bands will be'required.

In the drawings several embodiments of the apparatusaccording to theinvention are shown by way of example.

Figure 1 isa perspective view of the apparatus which may be calledrhythmonom,

Figure 2 is a similar view with lid opened; Figure 3 is a cross-section,and Figure 4 a top plan view of the mechanism.

Figure 5'is a plan of the scales of a tempdmeter.

Figures 6 to 8 show various form of marking the band. 4

Figures 9a and 9b are details in section and plan respectively. I

Figures 10a and 106 are some further details of the-same apparatus.

Figures 11a and 11?) show further views of the rhythmband.

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic view of the note writing device for the saidband con nected with the keyboard of a piano.

Figure 13 is an enlarged view of the controlling device.

Figure 14 shows a variable transmission gear, and

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic view of the rhythm band and tone band.

In the first place an embodiment of the reproducing apparatus is shownby way of example in Figures 1 to 4 and it is assumed that finishedbands are already available.

As will be particularly noted from Fig 'ures 3 and 4 the rhythmband 1passes from the reel 2 by way of the guiding roller 3 through the window4 and over the feeding drum 5 to the winding up reel 6. On the shaft ofthe reel 2 is mounted a wooden core 7 and the reel 6 is provided with awooden core 8. The axis 9 of the reel 6 projects beyond the core 8 andis provided with a milled knob 10. A

funnel-shaped recess 11 in the cover 12 permits the actuation of thebutton even if said cover or lid 12 is closed. The said button 10 servesfor adjusting the rhythmband. The lower portion of the axis 9 is journalled in the bearing 13 and carries on its lower end the rope-pully14.

Upon the inclined mounting plate 15 is secured by means of screw-bolts16 a motor 17. This latter carries on the upper end of its shaft a gearwheel 18 meshing with the gear wheel 19.

The gear wheel19 and the rope pulley 20.

are fixed to a shaft 21, rotating in the bearng 22 and carrging at itsupper end the feeding drum 5. ver' the rope pulleys and 14 passes a cord23. Inadditionthere is mounted on the plate 15 in the rear of the bandwindow 4 a soflit lamp 24. p

The rhythmband passing through the window 4 being lit by the lamp 24 canbeinspected throu h the funnel 25 when the cover 12 is closed, how itpassesthe indicator or reference mark 27 after the latter has beenadjusted by means of the rod 26.

Within the casing 28 on the front wall there is secured a regulatingresistance 29 adapted to be actuated by means of the turn button 30 andthe adjustment of which can be read off each time from the annular scale31. The number of revolutions of the driving motor 17 is controlled bysaid resistance 29, in case the apparatus (rhythmonum) is driven alone.The connection leads are not shown for the sake of keeping the drawingsclear. If it is desired, however, toeffect a synchronous connection,for, instance with an apparatus for the reproduction of moving pictures,the said resistance 29 may serve for the control of the number ofrevolutions of the driving motor for the cinematographic matographicapparatus and the rhytl1monum there is provided 'on the front wall ofthe box 28 a combined scale 32 of a tachometer for controlling thevelocity of the band 1. As will be seen from the diagrammatic View inFigure 5 two scales 33 and 34 are provided-particularly for the controlof the synchronous reeling oil of the film and the rhythmband-whichscales can be adjusted with relation to, i. e., moved toward and from,one another, one of which will indicate the music tempo for differentmoving picture frequencies, for instance, by per cents of the recordingtime, and the other one will indicate the moving picture frequenciesproper.

If for instance, the rhythmband was recorded with a moving picturefrequency of 18 with a musical time of 72, the pointer 35 is placed onthe graduation line 18 of the scale 34 for the picture frequency (seeFigure 5). In order to bring the musical time each time in relation withthe moving picture frequency, the figure 100 of the scale belonging tothe moving picture frequency 18 on the tempo scale 33 is adjusted to thethread of the pointer 35. Then the controller 30 of the film andnoteband drivation line 18 of the frequency scale 34 and with the figure100 of the tempo scale of music for the frequency 18, while the musicaltime of the reproduction amounts to 100 per cent of the music tempo inexistence dur-.

ing the recording operation.

If now an acceleration of the tempo is desired, of say 20 per cent, theregulator 30 common to the driving devices is to be adjusted in such amanner, that the pointer 36 of the tachometer will cover the numeral 120on the same scale for the music tempo, while it will at the same timeindicate the new moving picture frequency 21.6. The numeral 120 in thiscasewill indicate the acceleration of the original time 72 in percents,which now will amount to 7 2X 1,2 86,4.

If the rhythmband is not to be brought into relation with the runningfilm, the figures on the graduation need not be changed, since theindications of the picture frequency implicitly also contain thevelocities of the rhythmband.

The ratio of transmission of the gear wheels 18 and 19 is suitably such,that the rhythmband will be reeled off at a s eed which will permit themarking of the and as well as the reading during the reproduction. Forbringing the rhythmband into relation with the picture-film it ispreferable to choose even numbers in the proportion of the speed of thebands from about 1 :8. It is also of advantage to be able to change theproportion of the speed of reeling off the rhythmband and the film bymeans of a variable transmission device.

. The manufacture of the rhythmband can be effected on the sameapparatus by using a removable device and is as follows:

In the first line a blank band (not shown in the drawings) is providedwhich will pass through the rhythmonom in the same manner asduring thereproduction above described. By means of this removable device, calledrhythmograph two lines of markings or characters are produced on themoving blank band, as shown in Figure 6. The primary accents are markedaccording to the invention in the upper column and the secondary accentsin the lower column in such a manner that'the association of the seriesof tones" can be made out at the same time and unambiguously. By meansof this original rhythmogram the rhythmband proper may obtained, whichwill contain over a certain proportion of length on a band printed withmusic lines, the customary notes, and after finishing the band will showthe appearance illustrated in Figure 7. According to the position oftheprimary accents the bar-lines and laterally thereof in continuation thebar-numbers (143, 144 and so on) are entered subsequently. If amusically bound text (song, recitation or the like) is concerned, thedistribution of the syllables follows from the musicalrhythm. A band ofthat type is shown in Figure 8.

The manufacture of pure bands for speech is carried out in the followingmanner:

The original rhythmogram according to Figure 6 is preferably againtransferred to a second band in a. definite proportion of length.

With a rhythmogram of speech corresponding to the music rhythmogramaccording to Figure 6 the marks or signs or characters may be put oninsuch a. manner that the beginning of a sentence or portion of asentence is designated by two superposed marks, while the 'finalsyllables of a portion of a sentence are rendered discernible by dashes,the length of which is determined by the actual duration of thesounding.

It is very suitable for reading the finished band forspeech, that'is forreproduction, to provide said band according to Figure 8 with transverselines in order to ensure the readerence. It is advisable to seriallynumber these talking bars .too (160,161, 162 and so on).

' The production of various kinds of rhythmbands is dependent on twotechnical assumptions: j

1) The hand must be moved uniformly, and

It must be provided with written characters.

The first supposition is fulfilled by the reproducing apparatus, therhythmonom, of the type described above, which is also adapted forreeling off the hand during the reproduction. The second supposition isfulfilled in that by means of a removable device the band running out isprovided with written characters. Said removable device iscalledrhythmograph as already mentioned.

Figures 9a, 9b and 10a, 10?) show by way of example an embodiment ofsaid rhythmograph. It consists of two parts electrically connected bymeans of a cable having three veins.

One of these parts shown in elevation in Figure 9a and in plan in Figure9b is attached to the rhythmonom in front of the funnel 25 by means ofscrews. It consists for instanceof a frame 37 accommodating both thesolenoids 38 and 39. Inside of these latter is arranged a small irontube 40 and 41 each above a pin 42, 48 each, which may consist ofaluminium. The two, pins 42, 43 are held in the position shown "in thedrawings by means of a draw-spring 7 Sand 79 each. The pins 42, 43 carryon their left extremity a small disc 44, 45 each which possess a writingpoint 46. and 47 respectively. The frame 37 is secured to the plate 48,which latter can be connected to the rhythmonom by means of groovedscrews 49. The ledge 50 serves for guiding the pins 42 and 43. Infrontof the dints 46 and 47 an inked ribbon 51 is passed y way of theguiding rollers 52 from the ribbon drum 53 to the roller 54. The ribbondrum 53 is mounted on an axle 55, carried by the arm 56 secured to theframe 37, The ribbon-drum 54 however, is mounted on a rotating axle 58carried in a bracket 57 secured to the frame 37. At the lower end ofsaid I axle is mounted aratchet-wheel 59 into'which engages a pawl 60.On the lid 61 of a potshaped'magnet 62 is arranged a second pawl 63,which will advance the ratchet-wheel 59 side-piece 66 with thecover-plate 65. Round the axle 67 swing two two-armed levers 68 and 69,carrying at its extremity a key,

. circuit, in which the solenoid 39 is situated.

This will cause the small iron tube 41 together with the pin 43 and thepoint 47 to be forced against the inked ribbon 51, and the lower point47 will produce on the blank band 76 passing close in front of saidinked ribbon, a shorter or longer mark in accordance with the durationof the contacting action. If the key 71 is released it will return intoits positon of rest under the action of the leaf-spring 77. In the sameway the lower pin 43 will'return to its initial position under theaction of the draw-spring 78.

If the key 7(), is depresseda second ciilguit' will be closed in acorresponding manner, and as the upper solenoid 38 is situated in saidcircuit, the upper point 46 will be pressed against the inked ribbon 51.F

The pot-shaped magnet 62 is inserted into one of these two circuits. Ifsaid circuit is closed, the advance of the ratchet-wheel 59 will alsoshift the inked ribbon 51.

'The mode of operation of this band writing device (rhythmograph) now issuch that a musician is depressing simultaneously with a musical orpictoral performance both keys 7 0 and 71 in' the rhythm of the saidperform ance while the apparatus is writing the primary and secondaryaccents'on different lines on said band. It is not absolutely necessarythat originahmusic be concerned as the rhythmogram may be produced whilerecorded music is being played, as, for instance, from a phonogram orthe like. In this instance the band illustrated in Figure 6 will also beobtained, in which the signs or marks are entered on two superposedlines, as this is the case according to this invention.

Under circumstances, especially if some improvised music is concerned itis ofimportance not only to record the rhythm and metre but also themelody.

According tothe invention this is effected in that on the continuouslymoving blank band the succeeding individual characteristic notes aremarked at a distance from each other, corresponding to the periodiccourse, for instance by means of full round heads of notes. Accents aremarked by additional signs such as 106 of Figure 11a.

As follows from Figure 11a the round heads of the notes are at oncebrought into relationship with a staff, so that they will at the sametime mark the pitch proper.

As the distance of the individual musical types from each other willindicate their accurate time-value, the marking of the timevaluecustomary with the known writing of music, that is to say, thediscrimination by hollow and full round heads of notes and the provisionof different mensural hooks and so on can be dispensed with.

For carrying this method into effect any suitable device, for instance aspecial typewriting machine may be used, whose types consists of a shortstaff of five lines showing each in said staff or on auxiliary linesabove or below, a head of a note in the usual manner. For the marking ofenharmonical exchanges one or more levers according to the knownreversing levers in type-writing machines may be employed. If it isdesired to discriminate graphically for instance the equally soundingtunes 0 sharp (c it) and 'd flat (d b), as such is necessary in theorthography of musics, this can be done by manipulating the lever forinstance in such a manner, that for tunes with the 11 accidental thesaid lever is raised, and for tunes having the b accidental isdepressed, while its central position will correspond to tunes having nosuch accidentals. With the keys of this Writing device there may beconnected in addition sounding bodies or elements, such as tuned discs,pipes or the like, so that the rhythmical records may be simultaneouslycontrolled melodically. It is also possible to connect a key-instrumentor the like played during the recording operation, with such writingdevice. Or the writing device may be connected for instancepneumatically or electrically, .so that the music is automatically fixedduring the performance.

The band represented in Figure lla is completed to advantage, in that bymeans of an inked roller the note lines or the staff are producedcontinuously. A second staff or a plurality thereof may be provided atthe same time on the band as this is represented in Figure 116.

Figure 12 illustrates diagrammatically such a music writing deviceconnected with the keyboard of a piano or the like. On depressing thekey 79 of the piano the wheel Ill.

80 carrying the types will effect the inscription uporthe blank band 76.By the key 7 9 the lever 81 is turned about its fulcrum and inconsenquence the toothed segment 82 secured to its extremity will rotatethe gear wheel 83. The latter is suitably connected with a bevel wheel84, meshing with a bevel gear-wheel 85 mounted on the same axle 86 asthe type wheel 80. By correspondingly dimensioning the toothed segment82 and the gear wheels, the'type-carrying wheel is r0.- tated to such anextent only, as such will correspond to the note allotted to the key 79. It is obvious that the lever system of all keys of the piano willactuate the saine typewh-ecl. It is not necessary to illustrate thetotal arrangement in all its details, since such arrangements are wellknown in type-writing machines.

After the type-carrying wheel has been placed in the proper position infront of the blank band 76, the type wheel must be caused by means ofthe levers .87, 88 and 89 to beat against the said blank band and printthe corresponding type. After the printing the type .wheel is returnedinto its inoperative position by means of the spring 90. In order to beable, however, to discriminate the flat equally sounding tunes 0 sharp(cit) and d flat (db) graphically, it is necessary to provide areversing key suitably pedal operated, by which the type wheel is raisedand it will then print 0 sharp (cit) in lieu of d flat (db).

By means of a special arrangement, which likewise may suitably bepedal-operated, those notes are marked,which are accentuatedinA writingpencil 105 will produce on the ba (1 76 dots, which for instance may liebelow the writing in music and which on the band represented'in Figure1111 are denoted by 106. Between the pedal 107 and the pencil 105various levers are provided for the transmission of the motion. Thelever 108 is connected with lever 107 so that by the upper end of theformer the rod 109 may be displaced towards the left side. On account ofthis displacement the lever 110 is-turned and by means of the lever 111the lever 105 is actuate The tacitsupposition of theaforesaid is thatthe rhythmband is caused to be reeled ofi both during the production aswell as during the reproduction at an absolutely uniform s eed.

An astronomic clock is best suited for this purpose namely in such amanner, that the drivingmotor for the shifting drum of the rhythmbandiscontrolled by said clock by interposing suitable mechanical orelectrical elements.

If the production of a phonogram (sound ing disc, steel wire or thelike) is carried out in the orchestral pitch (amplitude 435) thephonographic reproduction will also accurately sound in said orchestralpitch after the velocity of the appertaining rhythmband has beenadjusted to that of the production. however, a transposition to anotherpitch is is suitable to pass the adjusting lever past a specially gaugedscale. I

. Figure 13 shows diagrammatically the said controlling lever 91 of theclock-work and the appertaining scale 92-, the graduations ofindispensable.

which will indicate into which tone the or.- chestral pitch a ischangedto a high or low tone, when the controlling lever is covering them.

Figure 14 shows diagrammatically by way of example a transmission gearwith constantly changeable ratio of transmission. 93 represents a smallbevel-wheel Whose axis represents the prolongation of the drivin motorforthe feeding drum 95 of the ban 94 is a larger bevel-wheel to theupwards extending extremity of its shaft the shifting drum 95 for thetransport of the band is wedged. The ratio of transmission is changed bythe displacement of the leather belt 96.

Such displacement of the leather belt 96 is effected by means of a fork97 mounted at the end of a two-armed lever 98. The adjustment of thelatter is effected through the turn-button 99 and the scale 92, whosegauge is equivalent to the scale represented in Figure 13.

In the following some modes of application of the rhythmonom forutilizing the finished rhythmb'and are described.

In the first line the rhythmonom is excel lently adapted for studyingmusics. If'the pupil causes a rhythm-noteband to pass past the referencemark of the rhythmonom, he is able to unravel the most intricaterhythmical connections at once. Up to the present a reliable analysis ofthe rhythmics was impossible merely with the aidof the usual note signs,in spite of the application of the metronom. It is of great advantage,that the pupil is enabled to study the original rhythm not only in theoriginal tempo, but in any desiredacceleration or retardation. It isimmaterial whether'instrumental or vocal music or both kinds areconcerned. Especially for the ditlicult analysis of talking song(recitation and melodrama) the use of the rhythmonom is The work of themana ement of theatres is also greatly facilitate in that, for the studyof the parts and the ensembles the rhythmonom will produce a uniformmusical guide to go by, which is especially advanta eous with newproductions.

or directing separate tone bodies any required number of rhythmonoms canbe connected, either mechanically, for instance, for a modern stringedquartette or electrically over a distance, for instance in the case oflocally separated orchestras and. collaborating massed choirs, which arenot clearly within the comprehending range of vision of the band-master.a

Up to the. present it was impossible to utilize artistically to theirfull extent-automatic pianos, organs or the'like, even when usingso-called artists rollers, for the accompaniment of solists,ensemble-music and so on. Only after the building-in of the rhythmonominto. such instruments or through coupling them with said rhythmonom itis possible for anybody to bring at once by means of the rhythmbandpassing in synchronism with the artists roller the reference mark themusic reproduced automatically into rhythmically absolute conformitywith music produced naturally. This mode of applicationisillustrated inFigure 15. The roller 100 paying out and the roller 101 taking in'themusic band 102 of an automatic key instrument (pianola) are representeddiagrammatically.

On the shaft of the reel 101 there is provided a bevel gear wheel 103meshing with a bevel wheel 104, which engages the lower end of the axisof the transporting drum 105 of the rhythmonom. Owing to thisarrangement the rhythmband will pass in the manner described above thereference mark simultaneousl with the running out of the music band.bviously there may be a difference in thelength between the rhythmbandand the music band of the key instrument. In this instance too, there isprovided a means for students of music, to make out simultaneously withthe reproduction of the music the inner relation of the musicalconstruction,

aided by the rhythm-noteband.

If it is desired when studying parts or scores, not only to watch therhythm-noteband pass the reference mark, but to hear simultaneously andin synchronism with it the appertaining music, the rhythmonom isconnected with one of the known sound .reproducing apparatus. It isimmaterial whether or not an apparatus actuated by needle-, light-- ormagnet-tone is concerned. Such connection may be direct, in that in therhythmonom proper the motion of the rhythm-noteband and that of thesound carrier is derived from one and the same shaft, driven by a motor.However, the rhythmonom and the sound reproducing apparatus may also bearranged in separate localities. In this instance their connection iseifected either mechanically, perhaps by means of a flexible shaft, orelectrically by employing a synchronizing device.

The rhythmonom may be utilized in a similar manner for all kinds ofstudies of speech, that is to say the rhythmband proper alone or inconnection with phonograms.

Per se the said rhythmband will facilitate young actors or publicspeakers the study of the rhythm of speech and in addition it will alsofacilitate the appropriation of the technic of speech.

Connected with phonograms running out in synchronism with the rhythmbandit affords the possibility to study whole roles in the conception offamous actors both as regards in rhythmical and melodical respect ofspeech. The study and the reproduction of melodram'as is in particularmaterially facilitated. For that reason the rhythmonom the band may beinspected directly. It is immaterial whether the carrying element of thephonogram is a disc or roller, a band or wire or the like.

For the instruction of groups of students an apparatus with movingletters of such type may be employed, which comprises a mat oropaquewindow pane or screen, upon which the moving letters areprojected.

When teaching whole classes of pupils it is. of advantage to employ anapparatus with moving letters, which will admit of the said movingletters being projected upon a special screen or wall. Undercircumstances it may be of advantage to proceed as follows: An apparatusfortaking cinematographic films is connected in synchronism with anapparatus with moving letters for direct inspection and the movingletters are then taken cinematographically. During the lesson acinematographic projecting device is connected in synchronism with thetalking machine, in order to simultaneously render tangible to thepupils in a lifelike manner the sound and the letters of the word duringreproduction. And it is immaterial per se again, whether or not thetalking machine and the moving letters are employed separately or incombination. If the carrier of the phonogram is a band, it is possiblethat the latter may form a unit with the picture band of the movingletters. In this instance the synchronous run of the phonogram and therunning letters is givenat once. As the moving letters will require buta comparatively narrow band of the picture field at the disposal, it isrecommendable in order to stimulate the lesson or the instructions, to

utilize the space available yet for the provision of a picture of thesituation adapted each time to the subject of the lesson.

According to the invention such picture ma be a movin one or a diaositive' under circumstances the technic of tricks may also be employed.

A vast territory for the utilization of the rhythmonom is the theatre.

Here it is used to advantage for instance in such 'a manner, that arhythmband running out in a main apparatus will control a plurality ofbands in auxiliary apparatus connected in parallel. These may be alikeor different, but they must be co-ordinated in rhythmical respect. Iffor instance, the

performance' of an opera is concernedthe main apparatusis operated by anassistant bandmaster in such a manner-,that the notes passing therpference mark will correspond to the music sounding in the usual manneraccording to the direction of the head bandmaster.

One of the auxiliary apparatus for instance may serve for accuratelyindicating the instant at which certain light or sound sensations mustbe roduced on the stage.- But it may also\be a apted in such a mannerthat the production of such effects or sensations is obtainedautomatically. This is at tained in that the rhythmband is caused toclose contacts atcertain points of its run, which are connected tocorresponding electromagnetically acting releasing relays.

Other/auxiliary apparatus are arranged in all the actors dressing rooms,refreshment rooms and so on,enabling the artists to be informed at anytime about the state of the performance by means of the rhythmbandrunning off and to appear on the scene in time.

Further it is advantageous to direct choirs, small orchestras and so on,which are to sound behind the stage, according to a rhythm notebandrunning out in one of the auxiliary apparatus past a reference mark. Asexperience shows, such choirs or small orchestras frequently commencetoo early or too late orvery easily get out of time with the mainorchestra, This sensitive source of trouble is positively avoided by themonom. Y

The rhythmonom however, can also replace the prompter. For that purpose,stance, the opening of the prompters box is provided with a projectingscreen, upon which is projected sufiiciently enlarged the lettering ofthe rhythmband running out.

similar apparatus, in whlch upon an opaque pane the whole projectedscore passes past a reference mark, may be made available a to thecritics, students of music and other and film sceneries.

interested parties in the auditorium, is particularly recommendable,if'some novel plays are performed. ..;',l

In theatres the rhythmonom may also' e employed in connection withcinematographic projection, if it is desired to combine stage If,finally, it isdesired to connect natural productions of tone in thetheatre with arti- 'ficial tone's, the rhythmonom may-be used toadvantageas controlling element. It is immaterial whethersautomaticmusical instruments or phonographicallyracting devices are to beconnected.

The modes of application referredtoun the premises will in. no wayexhaust the pos sibilities ofapplication of the apparatus accordingtothe invention.

It is surely to'be expected that the-rhythmonom and the rhythmband willalso be utilized for other purposes, for instance in criminal cases forrecording the personal rhythm of speech with the object in view ofidentifying suspected persons.

I claim:

1.The method of recording the duration, spacing and accentuation ofmotions which consists in moving a band past a fixed point at uniformspeed, causing the motions to be recorded to effect markings on the bandcorresponding in duration and spacing with the motions, the recording ofthe unaccented motions being effected in one line on said band and therecording of the accented motions being effected in a second line spacedtransversely of the band from the first line.

2. The method of recording the duration,

spacing and accentuation of musicalnotes which consists in moving a bandlongitudinally past a fixed point at uniform speed, causing musicalnotes desired to berecorded to produce markings on the band varying inlength directly as the extent of duration'in time ofsuch notes andvarying in spacing longitudinally of the band directly as the extent ofduration in time between successive notes with unaccented notesindicated in one line of markings and accented notes indicated in asecond line of markings offset later ally of the band from the firstline.

3, Inan apparatus for recording the extent of duration, spacing andaccentuationof musical notes and the like, a recording band,

use of a rhythmeans for feedi g said band at uni-form speed past a fixedpoint, a'band marking device located at the fixed point and including apair for inof marking elements, andmeans to operate said elementsinaccordance with the duration and spacing of the notes to be recorded,said means being arranged to operate one of the elements solely duringthe recording of accented notes.

4. In an apparatus for recording the extent of duration, spacin? andaccentuation of musical notes and the ike, a recording whi eh banm meansfor fee'ding said band at uniform speed past a fixed point, a bandmarking device located at the fixed point and including a pair ofmarking elements, and means to operate said elements in accordance withthe duration and spacing of the notes to be recorded, said means beingarranged to operate one of the elements solely during the recording ofaccented notes and to operate the other element solely during therecording of unaccented notes.

'5. In an apparatus for recording the ex tent of duration, spacing andaccentua-tion of musical notes and the like,'a recording band, means forfeeding said band at uni- 'formspeed past a fixed point, a band markingdevice located at the fixed point and in cluding a paiFo-Lrnarkingelements, and

means to operate said elements in accordance with the duration andspacing of the notes to be recorded, said means being arranged tooperate one of the elements solely during the recording of the accentednotes, said elements being spaced transversely of the band and alinedwith the fixed point whereby the elements produce markings on a pair oflines similarly. spaced transversely of the band.

6. In an apparatus for recording the extent of duration spacing andaccentuation of musical notes and the like, a recording band, means forfeeding said band at uniform speed past a'fixed point, a band markingdevice located at the fixed point and including a pair of markingelements, and means to operate said elements in accordance with tlgeduration and spacing of the notes to be r corded, said means beingarranged to operate one of the elements solely during the recording ofaccented notes and to operate the other element solely during therecording .of unaccented notes, said elements being spaced transverselyof the band and alined with the fixed point whereby the elements producemarkings on apair of lines similarly spaced transversely of the band.

In testimony whereof I have afixed my signature.

CARL ROBERT BLUM.

